网易财经专访比尔盖茨：我会把钱都捐出去 应向富人多纳税（来历：网易财经）
精彩概要：
1、到2018年，盖茨配偶累计捐献到达360亿美元，适当于现在近一个百度的市值。
2、殷实国家的儿童逝世率不到1%，但在极点赤贫的国家，许多区域的儿童逝世率超越15%，这在咱们看来是最大的不相等之一。
3、我不需求这么多钱。我很早之前就完成了个人对消费的悉数需求，可以用这些剩余的财富发作一些影响。我并没有献身什么，不会因而吃不上饭，这些钱对我来说都是剩余的。总有一天我会把一切的钱捐出去。
4、在许多国家内部，不相等情况有所上升。这是一个方针问题，一个国家是否有累进税收制度，向富人多纳税，用来构建更强壮的保证系统，协助赤贫人群。
《影响力》 李兆元
“日子是不公平的，要去习气它。” 比尔·盖茨这句话被无数人奉为真理。但身为国际首富，他却用举动为这句话又做了一个注脚：若有余力，还可以改动国际。
说起比尔·盖茨，有许多理由让人仰慕。1975年兴办微软；自1995年登顶福布斯富豪榜以来，12年稳坐国际首富宝座；人类前史上首位个人财物超越1000亿美元，却是唯一将360亿美元悉数捐出的人。
福布斯富豪榜最新数据显现，到2019年9月18日，比尔·盖茨财富净值到达1056亿美元，排名国际第二，仅次于亚马逊CEO杰夫·贝索斯。到2018年，盖茨配偶实践捐献到达360亿美元。
在大众眼中，他是财富的代名词，身上永久笼罩着“微软创始人”的光环。但他从微软退休后现已远离商界多年，悉心致力于慈悲作业。他赚到了国际，又将所得财富用自己的办法归还给这个国际。
“殷实国家的儿童逝世率不到1%，但极点赤贫的国家许多区域的儿童逝世率超越15%。芬兰的儿童逝世率是最低的，不到赤贫的尼日利亚的1/50。”在盖茨看来，这是国际上最大的不相等。
从国际首富改动为国际首善，盖茨却对金钱处之漠然。他笑称，“我不需求这么多钱，这些钱对我来说都是剩余的。总有一天我会把一切的钱捐出去。”
“从首富到首善”
坐落在美国西海岸的西雅图，是一座吉祥静寂的城市，没有纽约曼哈顿的喧嚣与富贵。这儿诞生了国际上第一杯星巴克，诞生了改动人类前史的波音和微软，市值近万亿美元的亚马逊。这儿是比尔·盖茨的故土。
在西雅图，咱们对比尔·盖茨的印象是亲热温文，并没有国际首富的光环，你或许会看到他平和常人相同排队买汉堡。他如同一个坐标，融入这座城市的血脉之中。
访谈当天，他穿戴一件浅蓝色的羊毛衫，单独安静地走进访谈间，谦逊温文，文质彬彬，没有前呼后拥的喧哗。
现在，盖茨尽管依然与微软同在一座城市，但其在微软的身影早已淡出。当互联网在国际范围内如火如荼之时，他却回身退出江湖。
2000年1月，盖茨宣告卸职微软首席执行官，并与妻子梅琳达·盖茨成立了比尔及梅琳达·盖茨基金会（下称“盖茨基金会”），并由此敞开了自己人生的第二份作业。这是国际上财物规划最大的私家慈悲基金会。到2018年，盖茨基金会累计捐献额到达501亿美元，适当于1.33个百度，1.08个京东。
现在，盖茨基金会现已在全球超越100个国家展开慈悲作业，要点注重全球健康、全球展开、教育等范畴，特别对处理非洲等展开我国家的健康与不相等问题分外注重。
消除疟疾是盖茨基金会的要点作业方针之一。全球每年约有2亿人感染疟疾，有近60万人因而丧身，其间90%的逝世来自非洲。迄今为止，盖茨基金会共投入近30亿美元赠款用于消除疟疾。
“咱们正在和我国展开疟疾药物和（药浸）蚊帐方面的协作。我国政府正在加强与非洲国家的协作，一起尽力消除疟疾。期望能在未来的20年至25年之内完全消除疟疾。”
关于从国际首富到国际首善的改动，盖茨体现得十分漠然。“我很早之前就完成了个人对消费的悉数需求，那么可以用这些剩余的财富发作一些影响。我并没有献身什么，不会因而吃不上饭，这些钱对我来说都是剩余的。”他对《影响力》谈到。
“乍得儿童逝世率是芬兰的55倍 这是最大的不相等”
9月17日，盖茨基金会发布了第三份《方针守卫者陈述》（下称《陈述》）。陈述的最新数据标明，尽管全球在健康和展开方面持续获得发展，但全球不相等问题依然是完成联合国可持续展开方针的首要妨碍。
理工科身世的盖茨，习气根据数据和逻辑考虑问题。他着重，国际在改进全球健康和不相等方面现已获得了很大效果。“2000年基金会刚成立时，全球每年有1000万儿童逝世，现在这一数字现已折半，每年有500万儿童逝世，可以说对错常不错的发展。到2030年咱们应该可以将数字再次折半，也便是下降到250万。”他说到。
《陈述》数据显现，即使在全球最赤贫的区域，也有99%以上的社区在儿童逝世率和教育方面得到了改进。但即使如此，全球仍有近5亿人无法获得根本的健康和教育服务。如非洲乍得每天逝世的儿童数量比芬兰一年还多，一个乍得儿童的逝世机率简直是芬兰儿童的55倍，距离悬殊到令人无法了解。
“殷实国家的儿童逝世率不到1%，但极点赤贫的国家许多区域的儿童逝世率超越15%。芬兰的儿童逝世率是最低的，不到赤贫的尼日利亚的1/50。”在盖茨看来，这是全国际最大的不相等。
此外，国家内部区县之间也存在着巨大的不相等。《陈述》指出，以印度为例，在喀拉拉邦的奎隆县，儿童逝世率为1%，人均受教育年限为14年，简直与全球最发达国家适当。相比之下，北方邦的布道恩县的儿童逝世率则超越8%，人均受教育年限也只需6年。
除全球健康之外，教育也是盖茨基金会要点调查注重的议题。盖茨以为，人力资本是一个国家开释生产力和完成昌盛的最佳途径。假如缺少人力资本，关于那些健康情况欠佳和没有接受过教育的人而言，脱节赤贫简直是天方夜谭。
“健康和教育水平的进步对个人和国家都对错常有利的，是很重要的财物。未来即使有许多机器人和软件应用，人力资本依然十分重要。”盖茨对《影响力》表明。
做慈悲的困惑与应战
从2017年起的每年秋天，全球政商和文明界的数百位闻名人士会在盖茨配偶的邀请下齐聚纽约。他们并非集合在一起评论政商论题，而是去参加一场以致力于完成联合国可持续展开方针的论坛——“方针守卫者”大会。
放眼全球，没有任何一场会议可以像这场大会相同，集合数百位政要、商人、明星、歌手、布衣身份的跨界人士。盖茨配偶此举，或许反映他们在慈悲道路上的焦虑与窘境。仅凭个人力气有限，他们期望召唤更多范畴的人投身其间。
做慈悲很简单，要将每一分钱用在刀刃上却很难。商人身世的盖茨，并不把慈悲一事当作是“乐善好施”，而是将商业思想运用到慈悲作业中，衡量所投入资金的“出资报答率”。
盖茨表明，在抢救儿童生命的进程中，出资报答率最高的是疫苗。他在2017年的年信中写道，“自1990年至今，咱们现已抢救了1.22亿儿童的生命。”
对身处美国精英阶级的盖茨来说，要协助国际上最赤贫区域的非洲人群，怎么穿越重重政治文明、社会结构和教育系统的阻止？对此他举例称，假如疫苗对一类人群有用，那么对另一群人也应该有用。“经过研制麻疹或艾滋病疫苗，就算咱们不了解当地文明风俗，依然可以协助这些人。”
国际尽管在一天天变好，但许多触目惊心的数字依然存在。每一分为改动国际不相等所作出的尽力，都值得世人尊重和敬仰。即使困难重重，即使遭受波折，盖茨对慈悲作业的远景依然达观。
“咱们应该珍爱一切的生命，我十分走运可以具有一份如此有意义的第二职业。一旦你亲身去过某些当地并且了解了当地的情况，信任你也会以为这是终身傍边最值得从事的作业。”
附专访实录
Q: You used to be the richest people in the world. Now you’re the second?
Q：曩昔您曾经是国际首富，现在您应该是国际第二吧？
A: That’s right.Well as I give money away, I’d be the fourth and the fifth, in someday I’llgive it all away.
A：我一向在把自己的钱捐出去，估量以后会变成第四或许第五，总有一天我会把一切的钱全捐出去。
Q: We want toknow, you were once the richest people in the world, now you’re the biggestdonor. Why you make this huge shift?
Q：曩昔您曾经是国际首富，现在您是国际首善，是什么让您发作了这种改动？
A: When I wasworking at Microsoft, the goal was to make great software. And the fact that createdthe value of Microsoft ownership, there is a huge amount of wealth. I didn’texpect that you know. I didn’t need that. That doesn't change how manyhamburgers I eat or how many sweaters I wear, so I reached the limit sort ofpersonal consumption a long time ago. So, that extra wealth is available tohave an impact. And so, that’s why I studied why children died and thought,”Hey, is this being taken care of?” And in that case, I found that almost nomoney was going to malaria research. And so I found my cause to turn to mysecond career, which involves giving this money back in partnership with mywife and Warren Buffet. And so, it’s very fun work. It’s working withscientists, and it’s travelling the world; it’s partnering with a governmentlike China saying “You’re the expert, what are they thinking, what can we dotogether for seeds and vaccines”. Anyway, it’s very enjoyable, so I’m notmaking any sacrifice, and I’m not giving up my lunch to do this work, it’s allexcess money.
A：我在微软作业时，方针是开宣布全国际最棒的软件，也因而发明出了巨大的财富，这是我并没有预料到的。但其实我不需求这么多钱，我一顿饭不会因而多吃几个汉堡，也不会多穿几件衣服。我很早之前就完成了个人对消费的悉数需求，那么可以用这些剩余的财富发作一些影响。我开端研讨儿童逝世的原因，考虑这些问题是否正在得到处理。那时我发现，疟疾研讨简直得不到任何资金支撑。我因而发现了人生第二份作业，与我的夫人和沃伦·巴菲特先生一起投身慈悲。这份作业很风趣，可以和许多科学家协作，到国际各地调查，还有机会与政府协作，包含我国。我会咨询各个范畴专家们的定见，评论怎么协作研制出更好的种子和疫苗。总归，我十分享用这份作业，我并没有献身什么，不会因而吃不上饭，这些钱对我来说都是剩余的。
Q: In this year yourreport, Goalkeepers, you said you’ll keep focusing on inequality. So in yourmind, what is the inequality most around the world? Women, education, diseasecontrol, or income poverty?
Q：本年的《方针守卫者》陈述要点注重不相等问题。在您看来，当今国际上最严峻的不相等体现在哪方面？性别、教育、疾病，仍是收入？
A: Well, often wetalk about income, and that’s pretty important. You know, people living inextreme poverty who don’t have enough resources to buy food always worried abouttheir survival. We really want to get rid of that extreme poverty. But anothermeasure that the foundation has focused a lot on is health. You know, we lookat how many children are dying and how we can reduce that number. When we firstgot started, it was 10 million were dying every year back in the year 2000. Andnow that’s been cut in half. So it’s about 5 million now. So, that’s reallygood progress. If you take rich countries, it’s well under 1%, but if you takethe poorest countries, there are still places where it’s over 15%. A child inFinland, which is the lowest, had 50 times lower chance of dying than the childin Nigeria, which is a quite poor African country. So that range. You know, ourview is that it is one of the greatest injustices, and the world has enoughknowledge and resources. We should be able to reduce that dramatically.
A：咱们常常评论收入不相等的问题，这十分重要，国际上还有许多日子在极点赤贫中的人口，他们没有满足的钱买食物，生计或许都成问题。咱们十分期望可以消除极点赤贫。可是别的一个十分重要的方针，也是盖茨基金会的作业要点，便是健康。咱们注重全球每年的儿童逝世数量，并尽最大尽力下降这一数字。2000年盖茨基金会刚成立时，全球每年有1000万儿童逝世，现在这一数字现已折半，每年有500万儿童逝世，可以说对错常不错的发展。殷实国家的儿童逝世率不到1%，但在极点赤贫的国家，许多区域的儿童逝世率超越15%。芬兰的儿童逝世率是最低的，那里儿童逝世的概率不到赤贫的尼日利亚的1/50。这在咱们看来是最大的不相等之一。全球现在现已具有满足丰厚的常识和资源，咱们应该完全有才干大幅度下降儿童逝世数量。
Q: Every year inthe Goalkeepers, on the first page, we saw the 17 goals as topics from theglobal goals. Which one do you think is easy to achieve, and which one do youthink is hard to realise and why?
Q：每年陈述的第一页都列上17个全球方针。您以为这些方针中哪个最简单完成？哪个最难完成？原因是什么？
A: Health is verycentral to all these goals, and that’s where the foundation has chosen to focus.And of course the science of how we make vaccines and how we understand how tostop malaria. Every year the world is getting smarter. So, I put that in a veryprimary position, because if you’re malnourished and not healthy, theneverything else like education or being productive is very very difficult. Andif we can really solve health and education, those are the two that to me areenabling. I don’t want to downplay - the environment is very important - allthe different goals. But the countries that can take care of themselves are theones that have really improved health and education. And China is a fantasticexample. Starting in 1990, agricultural productivity, investment in educationand health. It’s really phenomenal how those things enabled the incredibleeconomic miracle.
A：健康是完成一切方针的中心，基金会也因而把健康作为作业要点。现在咱们研制出了多种疫苗，把握了治好疟疾的办法，每年都有愈加先进的技能发作，健康依然是最重要的。假如一个人身体欠好或许营养不良，接受教育和参加作业都无从谈起。我以为进步人们的教育和健康水平是最有价值百科的。我并非轻视其他议题的重要性，比方环境也十分重要。但只需一个国家的教育和健康水平得到显着进步后，才干自给自足。我国便是一个很好的比方。自从1990年开端，我国在农业、教育和健康范畴获得了了不得的发展，这也是我国发明经济奇观的柱石。
Q: So, what's yourexpectation for the next step for the health, even though it's maybe theequality the most? What's the next stepfor the foundation you want to do?
Q：接下来您和基金金会在健康范畴的作业要点有哪些？
A: Well, I’dhighlight two things. First, we still have 5 million children dying every year now.In 2030 we should cut that in half again, get it down to below 2.5 million. Andthere are some diseases like Poliomyelitis that paralyses children and killsome. That one in the next 3-4 years should be able to be eradicated. Over a longer-term,you know probably in 20-25 years, we should be able to take malaria anderadicate that. That’s still killing, just malaria, over half a millionchildren every year and hurting tens of millions. You know these veryaggressive goals. We’re talking with people in China who make malaria drugs andbednets and the government is there strengthening their partnerships withAfrica; how can we work together to eliminate malaria.
A：我想着重两件事：首要，现在全球每年依然有500万儿童逝世，到2030年咱们应该可以将数字再次折半，也便是下降到250万。现在全球仍有儿童由于脊髓灰质炎导致瘫痪乃至逝世，咱们期望未来三四年里能将它完全铲除。更久远来看，咱们期望在未来20-25年完全消除疟疾。疟疾每年能导致50万儿童逝世，遭受这种疾病摧残的人口数量有几千万。这些都对错常远大的方针。咱们正在和我国展开疟疾药物和（药浸）蚊帐方面的协作。我国政府正在加强与非洲国家的协作，一起尽力消除疟疾。
Q: How do youthink China can make more contribution to that?
Q：您以为我国在这进程傍边可以作出哪些奉献呢？
A: Absolutely, China’seconomic growth has been good for the world. You know China has expertise inmany many areas, but now it’s thinking OK and asking African countries what theirpriorities are. The kind of infrastructure China does is very important. Roadsare key to economic growth. But these countries are saying “Hey please help uswith malaria” Tanzania as an example where it’s three-ways partnerships now: theGates Foundation, Tanzania, and China. We’re doing this pilot projects, andwe’ve been having some good results. Yes, I think health will be an area thatChina can help the poor countries a lot.
A：这是毫无疑问的，我国的经济增加为国际做出了巨大的奉献，并且我国在许多范畴都有很强的专业才干。现在我国也在寻求协助非洲国家处理最火急的问题。我国在非洲建造公路等基础设施十分重要，有助于当地的经济展开。但一起非洲国家也期望我国能帮他们处理疟疾问题。比方在坦桑尼亚，咱们现在现已形成了三方协作机制，包含盖茨基金会、我国政府和坦桑尼亚政府一起展开的试点项目，现在现已获得了不错的效果。我以为我国能在健康范畴为这些赤贫国家供给许多协助。
Q: Talking aboutChina, we know that the economic growth is so fast in the past decades, andChina depends on two factors: one is globalization, and another one ispopulation bonus, but the situation now is complicated. So do you have anysuggestion for China and the Chinese young people?
Q：曩昔几十年中，我国经济的快速增加首要得益于两项要素：一是全球化，二是人口盈利。但现在的情况正在变得愈加杂乱，能否给我国政府和我国年青人一些主张？
A: Certainly, thequality of education. You know the universities are getting better and better, insome cases like Tsinghua being one of the best in the world, and the other onesare keeping improving. That trend towards the quality of education will allowChina in areas with really high-paying jobs and innovative jobs to contributeto both their successes and the world by and large. The economic growth may notachieve the same percentages in the past, but as long as the job market isworking well, and the anti-poverty programs are working well, China should bevery proud of what it’s doing, even if the absolute economic growth isn’t goingto maintain the really high level that you’ve had in the past.
A：教育质量十分重要。现在我国高校的教育水平越来越好，比方清华大学便是国际顶尖学府之一，许多大学的教育水平也在不断进步。教育质量的进步将会为我国发明许多高薪且具有发明性的作业岗位，对个人、我国和国际都有利。我国未来的经济增速或许不会一向坚持曩昔的高速度，但只需劳动力商场依然健康，减贫方案发展顺畅，我国应该为现在的发展感到骄傲。
Q: What’s yourcomment to the globalization? Maybe we can find some hinder on that?
Q：您对当下的全球化形势怎么看？是否遇到了一些阻止？
A: I’m a hugebeliever in globalization, and the countries mutually benefit from that. Right now,we see some countries pulling back from that, even in some ways the USA ispulling back from that. I think it will be a strong political debate. I don’tthink we’ll see a dramatic reversal, but we see there are some voices thatspeak out against that, and it would be a good, open discussion. The road forinnovation, whether it’s health, climate change, or IT, the pace of innovationis going to stay very strong. And that creates huge job opportunities, includingChina, is doing great work in those areas.
A：我个人十分支撑全球化，这对各国来说都是互惠互利的。现在咱们也看到一些国家正在退出全球化，乃至美国在一些方面都是如此。这是一个杂乱的政治问题。尽管短时刻内很难看到显着的转向，但也有许多对立这种做法的声响，这将引发揭露、有利的评论。至于立异，无论是在医疗健康、气候变化或许信息科技范畴，往后立异的脚步都会很快。这会带来许多新的作业岗位，我国在这方面做得十分不错。
Q: That’s goodnews. In the last Goalkeepers Report, you kept the focus on investing in youth,especially in Africa, because it depends on traditional economics. Thehealthier you are, the better education for the youth, and you get a betterreturn for that. But do you consider something is changing about the innovationof technology, which has the huge power to change the world? Do you still thinkthe human capital theory is still there?
Q：在上一年的《方针守卫者》陈述中，您着重对年青人出资的重要性，特别对错洲国家，由于非洲首要依托传统经济工业。年青人越健康、教育水平越高，对社会的报答就会越大。但您是否考虑过科技立异改动国际的潜力？这种情况下，人力资本理论依然有用吗？
A: Absolutely.
A：这是毫无疑问的。
Q: Why?
Q：为什么呢？
A: Well, the jobmarket is very strong, and the high salaries are there for well-educated people.If you look at the satisfaction and health of those people, it’s very good, sothere is a lot of benefit in individual, and for a country, as it invests inhealth and education of the people. It’s the main asset. Even if we have lotsof robots and software, human capital will be super important. Some of thethings that require less education like just driving around, it could besubstituted, but if anything, that just creates more value to make sure thatthose educational investments are well done.
A：由于作业商场依然有着巨大的需求，教育程度高的人往往获得高水平的薪资。他们的日子满意度和健康水平都很高，这点很好，所以健康和教育水平的进步对个人和国家都对错常有利的，是很重要的财物。未来即使有许多机器人和软件应用，人力资本依然十分重要。或许会有一些不需求那么高教育水平的作业会被替代，比方司机。但咱们依然需求投入满足的教育资源，然后发作更多的价值百科。
Q: Do you think wecan find more opportunities after the Luis Turning Point? Like China, we canstill find more and more population bonus from that? Maybe we can use AI androbots. Do you think it's working?
Q：您以为在路易斯拐点之后我国还会有更多的展开机会吗？我国是否持续获得人口盈利？仍是应该转向人工智能和机器人？
A: Well, I thinkeconomic growth can continue even when the workforce is not growing because theproductivity of these tools will make the productivity per worker much higher.Even in a society like Japan that is aging, they’ll be able to increase theiroutput which is a good thing, because you want to have those resources to takecare of the older generation to help them be able to retire and have benefits.So yes, even as the size of the workforce goes down, the economic opportunitiesare still huge.
A：我以为，即使我国的劳动力规划不再增加，我国的经济依然会持续增加，由于这些新的科技东西可以进步人均生产力。即使是日本这样高度老龄化的社会依然可以经过新式科技进步人均产出，然后奉养退休的老一代。所以就算劳动力整体规划缩小，我国仍将具有巨大的经济展开空间。
Q: That’s good. Youmust know this book.
Q：这本书您必定看过。
A: Yeah. Fantastic.
A：是的，十分精彩。
Q: Have you triedthese certain questions?
Q：您做过这些题吗？
A: Yes.
A：做过。
Q: What was thescore?
Q：您的得分怎么？
A: It's the fieldI work in. I think I got one wrong.
A：这恰好是我的作业范畴。我如同有一道题做错了。
Q: Just one?
Q：只做错了一道题吗？
A: You know, thesequestions are about my current full-time job. It’s like asking a cab driverabout directions. And I was a friend of Hans. His very first speech at TED Iwas there. And I realized that he’s telling a story better than I’ve ever heardbefore, including the story of how you improve health, that actually thepopulation goes down, which is very surprising to many people. And that wholeway he presented data, my wife and I got to be very good friends with him. It’sa shame that he died.
A：由于这些问题都和我现在的作业有关，这就像问出租车司机道路相同。并且我和汉斯（Hans Rosling）是好朋友，之前他在TED的讲演我也参加了，那是我听过的最精彩的讲演之一。他说到在健康条件改进的情况下，人口数量反而会下降，这让许多人感到惊奇。我和我的夫人都感到很走运可以和他成为朋友，他的过世也让咱们很痛心。
Q: Yes. That’s sosad. But back to the book, the test. I mean, do you know the truth about hisword? Before I came, I read this book; I don’t know the truth. I don’t know thedata.
Q：确实十分令人惋惜。但回到这些答题上，之前您就知道他说的这些本相吗？我来（西雅图）之前读了这本书，我并不知道他所说的这些本相和数据。
A: Most people,even educated people, get less than 50% right. University professors actuallydo worse than the average person. He is very articulate about this. When weread about disasters, and the news media does a better job of telling us theworst thing anywhere in the world we read about. When I was young, we didn’tknow so much about earthquakes or in other countries. And because as human welike to solve problems, we are always looking at, oh, this is a potentialproblem. Things are going well like reducing childhood death or improvingliteracy; you don’t dwell on that, you mostly dwell on “Here is where we needto do more work”. So Hans is not saying things have improved so much that weshould be lazy. It’s because people care and worry that vaccines have beeninvented and they are not getting out to more and more children. But tohonestly assess, we have to know these numbers that the world has improved and thatdoing more types of innovation that’s gotten us progress, we should feel goodabout that.
A：许多受过高等教育的人也只能答对不到一半的问题。实践上，大学教授的正确率还不如普通人。汉斯对这些问题讲的很清晰。现在媒体总是第一时刻让咱们知道国际上哪里又发作了严峻的灾祸。我年青的时分就不太会知道哪个国家有地震发作。人类总是喜爱处理问题，咱们总是会注重那些潜在的问题，而不会去想那些现已发展不错的作业，比方下降儿童逝世率、消除文盲等，而是想哪些当地是咱们需求额定尽力的。汉斯的意思不是说，咱们现已获得这么多发展，所以咱们可以松懈了。而现实是，咱们更简单忧虑尽管现已有疫苗被研制出来了，但仍是有许多孩子没有办法得到接种。但咱们要（对国际）做出一个客观的评价，咱们有必要看到数据，国际现已获得不错的发展，立异是背面的推动力，咱们应该为此感到骄傲。
Q: I think Hanshas given us a relevant and useful method to divide the whole world in adifferent way, and this chart is very impressive. But my question is, you live onthis side. This is your point.
Q：汉斯为咱们供给了一个区分国际的新颖又有用的办法，这张图也很震慑。您应该归于这个当地？
A: Yeah, I’mindividually even luckier.
A：是的，对我个人来说，我更走运。
Q: But not thefoundation, and your full-time job is doing this?
Q：但基金会注重的是剩余的那些集体。这便是您全职在做的作业？
A: Absolutely.
A：没错。
Q: How could you create such a huge space for this. It’s across civilization, religions, and different social system, and different education. How do you do that?
Q：这些集体的文明、崇奉、社会结构以及教育系统都完全不同。您是怎么做到统筹的？
A: The desire to have your children survive exists in every one of these countries. Mothers want their children to survive. And human biology about..., if the vaccine works in one group of humans, will it work in another group, is essentially the same. By creating a measles vaccine or an HIV vaccine, even though you don’t understand the culture and the practices of these people, you can benefit them. Things like roads and electricity and better seeds are helpful. You make a very good point that to actually deliver these products; you need to connect with the people who live in these communities, whether it’s the tribal leaders or religious leaders. For example, educating a mother that you should vaccine your child in these countries, I don’t know how to do that. But I can make money and make sure they’re creating women’s groups where women get together and talk to each other, and that’s a great form for women to explain to each other about vaccination. You’re right, it takes a lot of work, that how to reach all the children in the world who deserve to get these vaccines. You know, these places are very different, and the government in some places are even not existent.
A：哪个国家的人都期望儿童能生计下来，哪个母亲都期望自己的孩子能健康成长。假如疫苗对一类人群有用，那么对另一群人也应该有用，这些在本质上是相同的。经过研制麻疹或艾滋病疫苗，就算咱们不了解当地文明风俗，依然可以协助这些人。当然，公路和电力设施的建造，以及培养更好的种子也对错常重要的。有一点你说的很对，想要把这些产品成功交给，需求和社区里的人树立联合，例如经过部落首领或许宗教首领。举个比方，我不知道怎么让这些母亲认识到给孩子接种疫苗的重要性，但我可以投入资金，协助树立一些妇女组织，这样她们之间可以相互交流，最终都了解疫苗的效果。你说的没错，这需求许多的作业，让每个有需求的孩子都接种上疫苗。每个区域的情况都完全不同，有些当地乃至连政府都没有。
Q: Do you have any pressure to do that?
Q：您从事这项作业感觉有压力吗？
A: It seems like a clear thing to value all these human lives. once you visit those places, it’s very hard to ignore the problem. If you’ve never been there, you’re kind of like “Yeah I don’t know, is that really that bad? Is it hard to help?” But once you go there and meet those people, I think for the rest of your life you’ll wonder, isn’t that the most morally important that you can work on?
A：咱们应该珍爱一切的生命。一旦你亲身去了某些当地，就很难再忽视那里存在的问题。假如你从没有去过，你或许会觉得“情况真的有那么糟糕吗？供给协助真的那么困难吗？”一旦你去过并且了解了当地的情况，信任你也会以为这是终身傍边最值得从事的作业。
Q: Now you’re doing your best and with all your effort to narrow the gap between rich and poor, but unfortunately maybe the statistics are showing the gap may be widened.
Q：现在您全身心投入到消除贫富距离傍边，但惋惜的是，依照数据来看，贫富距离好像扩展了。
A: Actually, global income inequality is going down. And the reason for that is that the middle-income countries like India and China have been growing their economy faster than the rich countries. Although you have some inequality within the country, there is enough equality that globally, incomes are less than equal. Within many countries, inequality has gone up. So that’s a political question, do you have a tax system that’s so progressive that it’s taking more from the rich and creating a stronger safety net to help out the poorest. Our goal isn’t everybody to be exactly equal, but we should have a basic safety net that helps everyone.
A：事实上全球的收入不相等是在下降的，由于印度和我国这些中等收入国家经济增加速度超越了殷实国家。尽管国家内部还存在贫富距离，全球来看收入现已到达了必定程度的相等，然而在许多国家内部，不相等情况有所上升。所以这是一个方针问题：一个国家是否有累进税收制度，向富人多纳税，用来构建更强壮的保证系统，协助赤贫人群。基金会的方针并不是每个人完全相等，但咱们期望每个人都能享用根本的保证。
Q: What’s the best gift you get from the foundation job? As you’re full-time to do that, you were very successful in software-design and now you’re a very famous philanthropist. So, we want to know.
Q：基金会的作业给您带来最大的收成是什么？现在您全职从事慈悲作业，您曾在软件设计上获得了十分大的成功，现在又对错常闻名的慈悲家。
A: Well, the progresson global health is super exciting. It's a movement. There's lots of people involved. But to have been part of that, you know, we're really proud of it. And if we can finish polio, which I'm very optimistic, you know, that would be very satisfying. And malaria will take longer, but, you know, that's a milestone I look forward to. So, I love taking on that kind of tough challenges, hiring very smart people with a wide variety of expertise, including science, to do these things. This is fun work and we're seeing progress, you know, and we see that people care about these issues. So, even though we have setbacks, you know, I love it. I'm lucky to have a second career that is very fulfilling.
A：咱们在全球健康范畴获得的发展对错常可喜的，许多人参加到这场运动中。作为其间的一份子，咱们感到十分骄傲。假如咱们可以完全铲除脊髓灰质炎，那将对错常令人欣慰的，我对此十分达观。完全铲除疟疾或许要花更长的时刻，不过我信任迟早会做到的。我个人很喜爱有应战性的作业，招募各行各业包含科技界的人才一起协作。这是一份十分风趣的作业，并且咱们也在不断获得发展。现在有越来越多的人注重这些问题，就算有时遭受一些波折，我依然酷爱这项作业。我十分走运可以具有一份如此有意义的第二职业。
本文来历：网易财经 责任编辑：杨斌_NF4368
